Bergbaufreilichtmuseum Erzpoche Hausach, Germany
Around the town of Hausach more than 60 pits, tunnels and shafts have been detected, in which miners used to search for silver and lead and often found and mined it. As a supplement to the visitor mines of the neighboring towns of Haslach-Schnellingen and Oberwolfach there is a small open-air museum in Hausach, which deals with mining. Initiated and built with the support of the city of Hausach, the complex was built by the Dorfer Erzbrüdern, an association founded in 1957 to preserve the mining history of the Black Forest town. It is shown under what difficult circumstances previously processed the ore mined. Stations are a Poche, the large smelting furnace, the linen and the forge. In addition, there is a nearly ten-kilometer mining trail, which is signposted with many interesting information about mining. Even though the most important pit in the Hausach mining district was first mentioned in documents in 1455, the Hausacher Silberbergwerk St. Bernhard undoubtedly was one of the oldest mines in the Kinzig valley. In any case, about 1520 around 300 miners are said to have worked in this company. In two Pochwerken the resulting ore was reduced in size. The castle Husen was once built not only to protect the trade route, but also because of the flourishing silver mining in the surrounding valleys around 1230. A few years later, the town of Hausach was founded due to the ore deposits. Likewise, the construction of the hammer mill (1740) as the cradle of the Hausacher industry goes back to the mining industry. The first activity of the miners was the silver mining (galena). Then one promoted mainly heavy and fluorspar and iron ore. The steadily declining yield, but above all the cheaper foreign competition let the pits gradually 'fall into the open'. In the Fürstenberg possessions, the Prince of Furstenberg exercised the highest mountain right. The list of the former Princely Fürstenberg Bergamt Wolfach leads to the year 1849 a total of 396 smaller and larger pits. Despite intensive use of the forest and numerous road construction measures, these mines and mining attempts today still find around 1,000 mining tracks, such as Pingen (funnel-shaped depression on the earth's surface resulting from the collapse of old mines), heaps, gallery holes and shafts. Around 30 mines were of considerable importance for a long time. Among them are the mines 'Blessing of God' at Schnellingen, 'Bernhard im Hauserbach', 'Archangel Gabriel' in Einbachtal and 'Clara' in Oberwolfach. There is no clear evidence of the beginnings of mining in the Kinzig valley. Celtic and Roman mining is proven for various areas in the Black Forest. A certificate for silver mining in the Kinzigtal dates from 14. July 1234. In this document, King Henry VII gave the mining rights in the Kinzigtal and other Black Forest valleys to Count Egeno of Freiburg. A direct mention of ore mines takes place only in the period 1455 - 1491. As in other Black Forest areas, the yield of the pits fluctuated considerably due to the irregularity of the veins and thus their importance. To intensify the mining, it was at the instigation of Prince Anton Egon v. Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg, who had acted as governor of Augustus the Strong since 1697 and had become acquainted with the Saxon mining industry. He prompted the Fürstenbergers in Donauschingen, Saxon mining experts to commission the evaluation of Kinzigtäler pits and corridors. Especially due to the successes in the Wittichen district, the search for ore deposits in the Kinzigtal was stimulated. In 1725, 26 mines were already in operation at Wittichen, Schapbach and Haslach. For around 100 years, that is to say until 1825/1830, the Kinzigtal now experienced numerous, albeit rarely stable, mining activities. The area of the Kinzig Valley and its side valleys has the largest number of known ore and mineral channels in the Black Forest. This is usually quartz veins, some of which have silver-bearing ores of lead, zinc, copper and antimony. From the roundabout at the entrance of Hausach West the museum is signposted.